LTL Freight Class: What It Is and Why It Matters for Your Shipment
When shipping Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) freight, understanding freight class is essential for accurate pricing and avoiding unexpected charges. The National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) system assigns a freight class to shipments based on key factors like density, weight, value, handling, and liability. Getting the right classification ensures cost-effective shipping and prevents reclassification fees.
What Is the NMFC System?
The National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) is a standardized system used by carriers to classify LTL freight. It categorizes shipments into 18 different classes, ranging from Class 50 (least expensive) to Class 500 (most expensive). The class assigned to your shipment directly impacts the cost, as lower-class items are denser and easier to transport, while higher-class items are lightweight, bulky, or fragile.
How Density, Weight, Value, and Handling Impact Freight Class
1. Density (Space vs. Weight)
Density is one of the most important factors in determining freight class. It’s calculated by dividing the total weight of the shipment by its cubic feet.
- Higher density = Lower freight class (cheaper shipping)
- Lower density = Higher freight class (more expensive shipping)
2. Weight and Value
- Heavier shipments often fall into lower (cheaper) classes.
- High-value goods, even if small, may be classified higher due to increased liability risks.
3. Handling Requirements
- Fragile or hazardous materials require extra care and may have a higher freight class.
- Stackability also plays a role—items that can be easily stacked are more cost-effective to transport.
Why Accurate Classification Prevents Costly Reclassification Fees
Incorrectly classifying your freight can lead to reclassification fees, shipment delays, and increased costs. Carriers will re-weigh and inspect freight, and if the class is incorrect, they will adjust the rate accordingly—often at a higher cost than if classified correctly upfront.
Avoid Reclassification Fees by:
✔ Measuring and weighing shipments accurately. ✔ Ensuring correct NMFC codes are used. ✔ Providing detailed product descriptions. ✔ Using proper packaging to maintain shipment integrity.
How to Determine the Correct NMFC Code for Your Shipment
Each type of freight has an assigned NMFC code that determines its class. To find the right NMFC code:
- Use an NMFC lookup tool or consult a carrier’s database.
- Work with a freight broker or 3PL to ensure accuracy.
- Check industry-specific classifications for consistency.
Common Mistakes Shippers Make and How to Avoid Them
🚫 Guessing the Freight Class: Always verify with NMFC codes. 🚫 Underestimating Weight and Dimensions:Use precise measurements. 🚫 Ignoring Special Handling Needs: Factor in fragility, stacking ability, and other handling requirements. 🚫 Failing to Update NMFC Codes: Codes change over time; stay updated with the latest classifications.
Final Thoughts
Accurate LTL freight classification is crucial for cost-effective shipping, avoiding penalties, and ensuring smooth transit. By understanding the NMFC system and applying the correct freight class, businesses can save money, prevent delays, and build stronger relationships with carriers.
Need help classifying your LTL shipment? Contact us today to ensure your freight is properly classified and avoid unnecessary fees!